|
Number
|
Name
|
Comments
|
|
E100#
|
Cur cumin
|
orange-yellow colour; derived from
the root of the curcuma (turmeric) plant, but can be artificially produced;
used in cheese, margarine, baked sweets and fish fingers
|
|
E101#
|
Riboflavin, Riboflavin-5'-phosphate
|
'Vitamin B2' and colour; occurs
naturally in greenveges, eggs, milk, liver and kidney; used in margarine
and cheese
|
|
E102
|
Tartrazine
|
FD&C Yellow No.5; known to
provoke asthma attacks (though the US FDA** do not recognise this) and
urticaria (nettle rash) in children (the US FDA** estimates 1:10 000); also
linked to thyroid tumours, chromosomal damage, urticaria (hives) and
hyperactivity; tartrazine sensitivity is also linked to aspirin
sensitivity; used to colour drinks, sweets, jams, cereals, snack foods,
canned fish, packaged soups; banned in Norway and
Austria
|
|
E104
|
Quinoline Yellow
|
FD&C Yellow No.10; used in
lipsticks hair products, colognes; also in a wide range of medications;
cause dermatitis; banned in Australia, USA and
Norway
|
|
E107
|
Yellow 7G
|
yellow colour; the HACSG* recommends
to avoid it; people who suffer Asthma may
also show an allergic reaction to it; typical products are soft drinks; banned in Australia and USA
|
|
E110#
|
Sunset Yellow FCF, Orange Yellow S
|
FD&C Yellow No.6; used in cereals,
bakery, sweets, snack foods, ice cream, drinks and canned fish; synthetic;
also in many medications including Berocca, Polaramine, Ventolin syrup;
side effects are urticaria (hives), rhinitis (runny nose), nasal congestion,
allergies, hyperactivity, kidney tumours, chromosomal damage, abdominal
pain, nausea and vomiting, indigestion, distaste for food; seen increased
incidence of tumours in animals; banned in Norway
|
|
E120#
|
Cochineal, Carminic acid, Carmines
|
red colour; made from insects; rarely
used; the HASCG* recommends to avoid it
|
|
E122
|
Azorubine, Carmoisine
|
red colour; coal tar derivative; can
produce bad reactions in asthmatics and people allergic to aspirin; typical
products are confectionary, marzipan, jelly crystals; banned in Sweden, USA, Austria and Norway
|
|
E123
|
Amaranth
|
FD&C Red No.2; derived from the
small herbaceous plant of the same name; used in cake mixes,
fruit-flavoured fillings, jelly crystals; can provoke asthma, eczema and
hyperactivity; it caused birth defects and foetal deaths in some animal
tests, possibly also cancer; banned in the USA, Russia, Austria and Norway and other
countries
|
|
E124
|
Ponceau 4R, Cochineal Red A
|
FD&C Red No.4; synthetic coal tar
and azo dye, carcinogen in animals, can produce bad reactions in asthmatics
and people allergic to aspirin; banned in USA &
Norway
|
|
E127
|
Erythrosine
|
FD&C Red No.3; red colour used in
cherries, canned fruit, custard mix, sweets, bakery, snack foods; can cause
sensitivity to light; can increase thyroid hormone levels and lead to
hyperthyroidism, was shown to cause thyroid cancer in rats in a study in
1990; banned in January 1990, but not
recalled by the US FDA**; banned in Norway
|
|
E128
|
Red 2G
|
Banned in Australia and
many other places except UK
|
|
E129
|
Allura red AC
|
FD&C Red No.40; Orange-red colour
used in sweets, drinks and condiments, medications and cosmetics,
synthetic; introduced in the early eighties to replace amaranth which was considered
not safe due to conflicting test results; allura red has also been
connected with cancer in mice; banned in Denmark, Belgium, France, Germany, Switzerland,
Sweden, Austria and Norway
|
|
E131
|
Patent blue V
|
Banned in Australia, USA
and Norway
|
|
E132#
|
Indigotine, Indigo carmine
|
FD&C Blue No.2, commonly added to
tablets and capsules; also used in ice cream, sweets, baked goods,
confectionary, biscuits, synthetic coal tar derivative; may cause nausea, vomiting,
high blood pressure, skin rashes, breathing problems and other allergic
reactions. Banned in Norway
|
|
E133
|
Brilliant blue FCF
|
FD&C Blue Dye No.1; used in dairy
products, sweets and drinks, synthetic usually occurring as aluminium lake
(solution) or ammonium salt; banned in Belgium,
France, Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, Austria, Norway
|
|
E140
|
Chlorophylis, Chlorophyllins
|
green colour occurs naturally in all
plants; used for dyeing waxes and oils, used in medicines and cosmetics
|
|
E141
|
Copper complexes of chloropyll and
chlorophyllins
|
olive colour, no adverse effects are
known
|
|
E142
|
Green S
|
green colour; synthetic coal tar
derivative; used in canned peas, mint jelly and sauce, packet bread crumbs
and cake mixes; banned inSweden, USA and Norway
|
|
E150(a)
|
Plain caramel
|
dark brown colour made from sucrose;
the HACSG* recommends to avoid it. used in
oyster, soy, fruit and canned sauces, beer, whiskey, biscuits, pickles
|
|
E150(b)
|
Caustic sulphite caramel
|
see E150(a)
|
|
E150(c)
|
Ammonia caramel
|
see E150(a)
|
|
E150(d)
|
Sulphite ammonia caramel
|
see E150(a)
|
|
E151
|
Brilliant Black BN, Black PN
|
coloor; coal tar derivative; used in
brown sauces, blackcurrant cake mixes; banned in
Denmark, Australia, Belgium, France, Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, Austria,
USA, Norway
|
|
E153#
|
Vegetable carbon
|
black colour, charcoal pigment; used
in jams, jelly crystals, liquorice; only the vegetable derived variety
permitted in Australia, banned in the United States
|
|
E154
|
Brown FK
|
banned in USA
|
|
E155
|
Brown HT (Chocolate)
|
brown colour, coal tar and azo dye;
used in chocolate cake mixes; can produce bad reactions in asthmatics and
people allergic to aspirin; also known to induce skin sensitivity; banned in Denmark, Belgium, France, Germany, Switzerland,
Sweden, Austria, USA, Norway
|
|
E160(a)#
|
Carotene, alpha-, beta-, gamma-
|
orange-yellow colour; human body
converts it to 'Vitamin A' in the liver, found in carrots and other yellow
or orange fruits and vegetables
|
|
E160(b)#
|
Annatto (Arnatto, Annato), bixin,
norbixin
|
red colour; derived from a tree (Bixa
orellana); used as a body paint, fabric dye, digestive aid and expectorant;
used to dye cheese, butter, margarine, cereals, snack foods, soaps,
textiles and varnishes; known to cause urticaria (nettle rash), the HACSG*
recommends to avoid it
|
|
E160(c)#
|
Paprika extract, capsanthin,
capsorubin
|
avoid it, banned in some
countries
|
|
E160(d)#
|
Lycopene
|
red coloured carotenoid found in
tomatoes and pink grapefruit, can cause decreasing risk of cancer
|
|
E160(e)#
|
Beta-apo-8'-carotenal (C 30)
|
orange colour, no adverse effects are
known
|
|
E160(f)#
|
Ethyl ester of beta-apo-8'-carotenic
acid (C 30)
|
orange colour, no adverse effects are
known
|
|
E161(b)
|
Xanthophylls - Lutein
|
yellow colour derived from plants,
naturally found in green leaves, marigolds and egg yolks
|
|
E161(g)#
|
Xanthophylls - Canthaxanthin
|
yellow colour possibly derived from
animal sources (retinol); the pigment is found in some mushrooms,
crustacea, fish, flamingo feathers
|
|
E162
|
Beetroot Red, Betanin
|
purple colour derived from beets; no
adverse effects are known
|
|
E163
|
Anthocyanins
|
violet colour matter of flowers and
plants; seems safe
|
|
E170#
|
Calcium carbonate
|
mineral salt, used in toothpastes,
white paint and cleaning powders; may be derived from rock mineral or
animal bones; sometimes used to deacidify wines and firm canned fruit and
veg.; toxic at 'high doses'
|
|
E171
|
Titanium dioxide
|
white colour used in toothpaste and
white paint, pollutes waterways; no adverse effects are known
|
|
E172
|
Iron oxides and hydroxides
|
black, yellow, red colour used in
salmon and shrimp pastes; toxic at 'high doses'
|
|
E173
|
Aluminium
|
avoid it, banned in some
countries
|
|
E174
|
Silver
|
avoid it, banned in some
countries
|
|
E175
|
Gold
|
avoid it, banned in some
countries
|
|
E180
|
Latolrubine BK
|
avoid it, banned in some
countries
|
|
E181
|
Tannic acid, tannins
|
clarifying agent in alcohol; derived
from the nutgalls and twigs of oak trees; occurs naturally in tea
|